Excusing oneself — Cultural note


នៅប្រទេសជប៉ុន ប្រសិនបើអ្នកនិយាយថាជាប់រវល់ ទោះវាជាលេសក៏ដោយ គេក៏នឹងមិនសួរដេញដោលអ្នកទៀតដែរ ព្រោះគេគិតថាជារឿងផ្ទាល់ខ្លួនប៉ុន្តែនៅខ្មែរ នៅពេលអ្នកយកលេសថារវល់ ភាគច្រើនអ្នកអាចនឹងត្រូវបានគេសួរបន្តទៀតថារវល់នឹងអ្វីឲ្យច្បាស់លាស់

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KhmerPronunciationEnglish/Notes
នៅ nɨv 1. in, at
2. to be located at, to live in or at, to reside, to stay, to be in
3. still, yet (pre-verbal marker of a durative or continuative aspect, as a final particle in the tag question ហើយឬនៅ it means 'yet' and as a reply to a question of this kind, it means 'not yet') {ញ៉ាំអីហើយនៅ? = Have you eaten already?}
ប្រទេស prɑteeh country, nation
ជប៉ុន ceaʔpon 1. Japan
2. Japanese
ប្រសិនបើ prɑsən baə if
អ្នក neak 1. you (to equals of both sexes)
2. person, one who... (used as an agentive particle to create nouns from predicatives)
និយាយ niʔyiey to speak, say, talk, relate, tell, to narrate, to talk over, discuss
ថា tʰaa 1. to say, tell, pronounce
2. that (introduces a question or indirect discourse)
3. I've [just] said, [...]
ជាប់ coap 1. to link together
2. to stick to, adhere to
3. to hold on
4. to find oneself in (a situation) {ជាប់ផុងក្នុងភក់ = [of a car] to get bogged down in the mud}
5. to be fastened, joined, attached
6. to be (firmly) connected or linked (to)
7. to be adjacent (to) {៣ ឆ្នាំជាប់គ្នា = three years in a row}
8. to be caught
9. to be associated with
10. to be occupied (with), very busy (with), deeply involved (in) {ខ្ញុំជាប់មានការរវល់បន្តិច = I'm a bit busy}
11. to be a heavy ... (e.g., drinker, smoker)
12. to be addicted to something
13. adjacent to, next to
14. to undergo
15. to pass (an examination) {ខ្ញុំសម្ភាសន៍ការងារជាប់ហើយ! = I’ve passed the job interview!}
16. to be durable
17. firm
18. tenacious
19. tenaciously
20. incessantly, constantly, always
រវល់ rɔvʊəl busy, occupied
ទោះ tʊəh even (if), even though
វា vie 1. it (of animals, things, or very young children)
2. he, she, they (familiar or contemptuous)
ជា cie 1. to be (equal to), to be as
2. to be well, in good health, recovered
3. to be effective (of medicines)
លេស leeh 1. excuse, pretext
2. argument
3. basis
4. grounds
5. plea, allegation
6. to give an excuse
7. to be small, tiny
8. trifling
9. scanty
10. minor affair
ក៏ដោយ kɑɑ daoy 1. (who)soever, (what)soever
2. whether or not, it makes no difference, even if
3. even though, although
គេ kee 1. he, she
2. one, someone
3. other(s)
ក៏ kɑɑ marker of sequential or consecutive action: also, so, then, therefore, accordingly
នឹង nɨŋ future tense marker: will, about to
មិន mɨn negative particle not, non- (usually requires the final particle ទេ)
សួរ suə 1. to ask, question, enquire
2. to visit, come to see
ដេញដោល dəɲ daol to question continuously, pursue a matter by persistent questioning
ទៀត tiət 1. again, still, more, further, yet, additional
2. to be different, other
ដែរ dae 1. also, too, likewise, in the same way
2. indeed, quite, rather
3. marks a polite, gentler, less abrupt statement: all the same, even so, nevertheless
ព្រោះ prʊəh because (of), since
គិត kɨt 1. to think, to realize
2. to calculate
3. to charge
4. គិត ... ឃើញ = to find a solution, figure out, solve
5. to come to a conclusion, realize, understand
រឿង rɨəŋ 1. story, novel
2. cause, case, event, conflict
ផ្ទាល់ខ្លួន ptoal kluən personally, in person, private, one's own (personal property)
ប៉ុន្តែ pontae but, however
Notes: ជើង ត; root: តែ
ខ្មែរ kmae Khmer, Cambodian
ពេល peel 1. time
2. moment, instant, period of time
យក yɔɔk 1. to take (in one's hand or with oneself), hold
2. when ordering: I’ll take, I’ll have {យកបបរគ្រឿងសាច់ជ្រូកម៉ាចាន = I’ll have a bowl of pork porridge}
3. to take (away)
4. to steal
5. to bring
6. to borrow
7. to get, obtain, achieve
ភាគច្រើន pʰiek craən 1. mostly
2. majority
អាច ʔaac 1. to be able/qualified (to do something), capable of (doing something)
2. to be possible
3. to be in condition (to), be in a position (to)
4. to dare to
ត្រូវ trəv 1. must, have to
2. to be correct, right, proper, exact, accurate
3. to concern, have to do with, to agree/jibe with, coincide with
4. to be affected with/by, to suffer, undergo (ត្រូវ + CLAUSE marks a passive-like construction in which the subject of the clause introduced by ត្រូវ is translated as the agent in the passive construction)
បាន baan 1. to have completed/done something
2. to intend to complete something
3. marker of completed action
4. to get, obtain, acquire, to achieve, have been able to, to get/have the opportunity to do something
5. to get someone or something to do something (often translated by the English passive in this sense)
6. to be able to
7. not ... until, then and only then
8. to pass to someone through inheritance
9. to be OK, fine, all right
10. [spoken language] however, though, in contrast {ម្សិលមិញបានក្ដៅខ្លាំង = yesterday, however, it was very hot}
11. {បានហើយ = I'm done, I give up, I'm finished (depending on the context)}
បន្ត bɑntɑɑ 1. to continue (something), to keep on (doing something)
2. to add, to join
Notes: root: ត
នឹង nɨŋ with, by (means of), (attached) to
អ្វី ʔvəy 1. what?
2. anything, something, nothing
ឲ្យ ʔaoy 1. to give
2. to let, to allow
3. for, to, in order to, so as to {ចង់ឲ្យខ្ញុំកុម្ម៉ង់អីញ៉ាំឲ្យហើយអត់? = Do you want me to order something for you already?}
4. in a... manner (forms adverbial phrases from predicatives)
Notes: also written អោយ, ឱ្យ
ច្បាស់លាស់ cbah loah 1. very clear, very sure
2. clearly, surely
3. distinct, precise, accurate